I'll have to post this while I'm still happy, because the merge window for Linux 2.6.31 opened a day ago (well, somewhat more, but I don't take patches immediately after doing a release), and so far it's been such a nice thing that I thought I'd better post while in a good mood. Before somebody sends me the merge request from hell.
So why am I in a good mood?
My real "work" is not really writing code any more, and hasn't been for a long time. No, I worry most about the whole "flow of patches", and the way development happens, rather than so much about any individual piece of code I maintain. And the last few release cycles have had a couple of really hard-to-merge issues - not because the code was necessarily bad, but because of how it was then presented to me as a fairly messy history.
And so far, the 2.6.31 merge window is going swimmingly. The x86 tree, which has gone through a yo-yo of different development models with (different) problems, seems to have gotten to that "good place" where it seems to be working.
Part of the problem is that 'git' is such a flexible tool that you can use it in various modes, and mix things up freely. The whole distributed nature means that there's no gatekeeper, you can do whatever you want. And the flexibility and power is good, but it does mean that it's also easy to make a mess of it - the old UNIX philosophy of giving people rope, and letting them hang themselves with it if they want to.
So it takes time for people (me included) to learn the rules that work. And it seems people are learning. And that feels really good.
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As a Git n00b, would be nice to see a post on what these "rules that work" are.
Second. I'd like to see how the person who invented git actually uses it.
noel/Stedwick: it's basically a matter of finding the right balance on a couple of different axises:
"clean history":
Balancing the need to clean up after mistakes (aka "rewriting history") using tools like 'git rebase', but then not doing it so much that you actually rewrite other peoples commits or lose all sight of the important history (like the fact that you tested one particular test, and if you then rewrite the history, all your testing is now dubious).
"Merging too much vs too little":
Merging is nice, because if you have concurrent development, a merge will tie the two branches together and allows you to test and develop on top of both changes.
But the downside is that merging too eagerly means that two separate branches that are for two different features are now tied together, and you can never separate the two (at least without re-doing the whole history).
So merging too much results in a very messy history, where you can't see what the actual different "topics" were. And it results in a tree where upstream (that is - me) can't review and pull the features one by one.
There's a few rants and rules about this that I did on the mailing lists last merge window. See for example rant
$ git diff v2.6.30 HEAD --stat | tail -1
1310 files changed, 100248 insertions(+), 33915 deletions(-)
Wow, I would be happy too if I could merge that much code in a day. I bet you would be the record holder of the greatest amount of code merged in a day if the Guinness World Record had an entry for that. :-)
post title made me laugh
The Xen pull requests were a _really_ good lesson on how to use Git to really see how much of a pain something would be to merge - not just now but in the future. And here I was thinking that I was actually getting a grasp on what Git could do :)
My first DSCM was Mercurial, but it was Git that really opened my eyes to a better design. Git makes your _life_ easier, especially when you have to take over maintenance of other people's complex code.
I still have to use Subversion for several projects .. I cringe every time I need to merge.
Also, Linus is not the _only_ author of Git. Though, I swear, if they work on it any more it will become sentient.
That would be neat, at least I could reason with it :)
What are the real advantages of Git? I am an fairly new developer in the open source world, and I am just starting to get used to subversion way of doing things... should I learn Git instead?
@Ronin
yes you should.
Check out this resource to help you make an educated decision: http://whygitisbetterthanx.com/
Linus,
Do you miss writing code for Linux?
Even though I understand the utility of a command-line SCM in merging huuuge piles of patches, I really really would like to have a graphical interface to git version history graph if I store my own stuff in there. That's *because* of local branching and other features that make the mental picture of a development tree messy. I like thinking visually.
Or am I doing it wrong? I mean, should I maybe concentrate on "features" instead of "branches" and "lines of development"? I see a lot of potential in trying things out in their own branches but even having briefly tried git it still doesn't feel uncumbersome... if I had a version graph in front of me where I could point-and-click at different revisions and build them on the spot I'd feel a lot more confident with branching (:
Sigs: Isnt "gitk" atleast partially what you are asking, its gui app and shows your branches (remotes too if you have those checked out) and shows the history of things have evolved into what you have now in any point in time ?
hey Linus , i would like to thank you very much for your efforts on New Linux.com , and the new kernel is really awesome , it is very fast :D :D .
your fan in Egypt :)
Nice reference to The Beatles!
can you stop your time?
I may prefer Debian Stable for a distribution, but I must admit to LOVING having the latest kernel.
Torvalds-san, Edison didn't invent most of what he patented, what he did was create an environment of invention that was a creation all itself.
I've been using the Linux kernel since 1995, and I am glad to say, Thank You.
Thank you for bringing together so many wonderful people to create the Linux kernel.
Tom said:
"Also, Linus is not the _only_ author of Git. Though, I swear, if they work on it any more it will become sentient.
"That would be neat, at least I could reason with it :)"
I suggest you check the dictionary definition of "git" to see why that would be no great achievement.
Its a very well written post.
Alternative energy
Linus,
Lots of merging issues. Would like to meet if possible. Leaving to Europe and later Asia in a couple of days. Please text me to 5038809444.
Thank You,
Tadas
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I've been using the Linux kernel since 1995, and I am glad to say, Thank You.
Thank you for bringing together so many wonderful people to create the Linux kernel.
"Merging too much vs too little":
Merging is nice, because if you have concurrent development, a merge will tie the two branches together and allows you to test and develop on top of both changes.
But the downside is that merging too eagerly means that two separate branches that are for two different features are now tied together, and you can never separate the two (at least without re-doing the whole history).
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My real "work" is not really writing code any more, and hasn't been for a long time. No, I worry most about the whole "flow of patches", and the way development happens, rather than so much about any individual piece of code I maintain. And the last few release cycles have had a couple of really hard-to-merge issues - not because the code was necessarily bad, but because of how it was then presented to me as a fairly messy history.
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Or am I doing it wrong? I mean, should I maybe concentrate on "features" instead of "branches" and "lines of development"? I see a lot of potential in trying things out in their own branches but even having briefly tried git it still doesn't feel uncumbersome... if I had a version graph in front of me where I could point-and-click at different revisions and build them on the spot I'd feel a lot more confident with branching.
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My first DSCM was Mercurial, but it was Git that really opened my eyes to a better design. Git makes your _life_ easier, especially when you have to take over maintenance of other people's complex code.
I still have to use Subversion for several projects .. I cringe every time I need to merge.
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Thanks for this explanation Part of the problem is that 'git' is such a flexible tool that you can use it in various modes, and mix things up freely
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